CRIME


Tips for staying out of trouble

Crime, like anywhere else in the world, can be a problem, but you really need not do much more than take all the usual sensible precautions. Know where you're going before you set off, particularly at night, watch your possessions, don't walk alone in dodgy areas, lock your doors at night. Much like anywhere else. And, like anywhere else in the world, there are some areas of major cities which are more dodgy than others. It is easy to avoid these and still have a good time.

When walking through areas that are considered risky, avoid wearing visible jewellery or carrying cameras and bags over your shoulder. Keep cellphones (mobile phones) and wallets tucked away where no one can see them. Check beforehand that the areas you plan to visit are safe by asking hotel staff or police. It is not advisable to use local commuter and metro trains as attacks on foreigners have occurred.

Other sensible advice is not to hitchhike or accept or carry items for strangers. Our airport security is quite strict so, to avoid delays in checking in, remove all sharp objects (even nail files and hairclips) from your hand luggage.

Carjackings

Those who choose to drive private cars, either borrowed or hired, should be aware that car hijackings do occur, although precautions can be taken to avoid this. Drivers should always be on the alert when they come to a halt at traffic lights or stop streets, as well as when they are arriving at or leaving premises. Doors should be locked at all times, and while the temptation is to keep windows open in sunny weather, they should be kept closed. Plan your travel route beforehand. Make sure that you do not leave valuables in clear view of people on the side of the road. Articles such as cellular phones and handbags left on seats are favoured targets of smash'n'grab thieves.

When parking at night choose well-lit or security-patrolled parking areas. Street security guards will usually ask whether they can watch over your car and in return should be paid a small fee   anything from two rand upwards.

ATMs and con artists

Watch out for con artists. A favoured target is the automated teller machine (ATM). Under no circumstances allow a stranger to assist you in your transactions. Should your card become stuck in the ATM, enter your PIN three times whereupon the machine will retain your card. You can then approach the bank to release it, or call the helpline number that can usually be found at ATMs for assistance.

Beware, too, of confidence tricksters who try and persuade you to invest in their schemes, requiring you to disclose confidential banking details.

Stay out of jail!

And, while on the subject of crime, do bear in mind that committing a criminal offence in any foreign country is always more of a problem than doing so at home. You're probably not planning to, but there are a few actions which could land you in one of our not-too-luxurious jails. These include smuggling, bilking, and trading in, or using, recreational drugs  with the exception of tobacco and alcohol. Poaching is probably far from your mind but, just in case you're tempted to "harvest" a rhino horn as a souvenir, remember our game scouts are armed.

Lost passports

Should you lose your passport, report the loss as soon as possible to your country's embassy or consulate, and to the local police.

 

RED TAPE


Visas, taxes and duty

What documentation will I need to visit South Africa
Depending on your nationality, and the purpose and duration of your visit, you may not need a visa to visit South Africa at all. For information on the basic requirements for entering South Africa, as well as comprehensive information on visas   what they are, who needs them, and when, where and how to apply for them   see Visiting South Africa.

If you re considering working or studying in South Africa, or immigrating to the country, see:

What can I bring into South Africa


South African customs passenger allowances entitle you to bring new or used goods of up to R3 000 in value into the country without paying any duty. For additional goods, new or used, of up to R12 000 in value, you will be charged a flat rate 20% duty. Thereafter, normal customs duties apply.

You can also bring in, duty-free, the following:

  • Wine - up to 2 litres per person.
  • Spirits and other alcoholic beverages - up to 1 litre in total per person.
  • Cigarettes - up to 200 per person.
  • Cigars - up to 20 per person.
  • Cigarette or pipe tobacco - up to 250g per person.
  • Perfume - up to 50ml per person.
  • Eau de toilette (scented liquid lighter than cologne) - up to 250ml per person.

The alcohol and tobacco allowances only apply to people over 18.

Taking rands out of South Africa


When you leave the country you are permitted to take up to R500 in South African Reserve Bank notes. A 20% levy is charged on amounts above R500.

Will I have to pay tax on goods I buy in South Africa


Value Added Tax (VAT) is levied on most goods and services, but as a foreign national you may reclaim VAT on anything you bought for over R250 to take out of the country unused. You need to do this before you embark on your flight home, and will have to produce the original tax invoice for the item

 

COMMUNICATION


Phoning home and away

We have a well-developed communications infrastructure, with extensive landline phone networks and three mobile phone service providers with far-reaching coverage.

You can rent mobile phones   known here as cellphones   from the airport on arrival. You should find an Internet cafn even the smallest towns, and the postal service works, offering the usual letter and parcel services as well as securemail, freight and courier services.

South Africa ranks 23rd in telecommunications development and 17th in Internet use in the world. The network is almost fully digital, allowing for caller line identification, electronic call answering and per second billing.

Landline services are operated by public utility Telkom, and a second national operator is expected to open up shop this year. Public telephones are either coin- or card-operated. Phone cards can be purchased at certain stores, post offices and airports.

Phoning into South Africa

If you re dialling a number in South Africa, it must be preceded by:

  • +27, South Africa s international country code (the + sign represents the international access code for the country you re calling from); and either:
  • The area code of the city or town in South Africa you re calling (leaving out the first zero), if you re calling a landline; or
  • The cellular/mobile network code (leaving out the first zero), if you re calling a cellular/mobile network.

So, for example, to phone South African Airways  call centre from abroad, you d dial +27 11 921 6262 (Johannesburg s area code is 011   phoning from abroad, you leave out the zero). If it were a mobile number, you might dial +27 82 921 6262 (082 is the code for one of the main mobile networks   phoning from abroad, you leave out the zero).

Area codes of some of South Africa s major cities are:

  • Bloemfontein   051
  • Cape Town   021
  • Durban   031
  • East London   043
  • Johannesburg   011
  • Pretoria   012
  • Port Elizabeth   041

The three main mobile networks  codes are 082 (Vodacom), 083 (MTN) and 084 (Cell C).

What s the time in South Africa  

Use Telkom s online time difference calculator to work it out. (Select your country/state, and note the time difference: if it s + 09:00, for example, then subtract nine hours to get the time in South Africa; if it's   01:00, then add an hour.)

Phoning around South Africa

If you re in South Africa and phoning a landline in another city or town, the number must be preceded by the area code (including the first zero) for that city or town.

If you re in the area yourself, don t use the area code   unless you re phoning from a mobile phone; these always require the area code before a landline number.

If, on the other hand, you re phoning to a mobile number   regardless of where you are in South Africa   you never use an area code, only the appropriate mobile network code.

08 numbers

Many businesses and organisations have special landline numbers beginning with an 08 code   0800, 0860, 0861, and so on. (But not 082, 083 or 084, which belong to the mobile networks.) These are, in effect, national numbers   area codes are dispensed with, and callers dial the same number regardless of where they are. Note that these lines can only be accessed from within South Africa.

  • 080 numbers (usually 0800)   no charge to the caller.
  • 0860 numbers   the caller does not pay for any long-distance portion of the call.
  • 0861 numbers   the caller is charged a flat rate for the call.

Phone directories

Consult Telkom s print directories for the numbers of landline subscribers   The Phone Book for residential subscribers nationwide, and The Yellow Pages for businesses, services and products nationwide.

Alternatively, dial in to Telkom s telephonic directories (useful especially for unlisted or changed numbers):

  • South Africa (The Phone Book)   1023
  • Electronic Yellow Pages   10118
  • International   0903

You can also consult Telkom s searchable online directories:

Phoning out of South Africa

To make an international call from South Africa, dial 09 followed by the country code of the country you wish to call, followed by the relevant area code (if there is one), followed by the relevant phone number. Telkom s Phone Book lists all country codes in its International Dialling Code List.

International calls are cheaper after 8pm and before 8am from Monday to Friday, and between 8pm on Friday and 8am on Monday.

For an even cheaper option, try the Home Direct service. This allows you to call an operator in your home country free of charge, either to place a call on your  phone home  account, if you have one, or to arrange a reverse-charge call. Telkom s Phone Book lists all Home Direct numbers in its International Dialling Code List.

 

 

CURRENCY

 


How far will my money go  

Rands and cents


Our unit of currency is the rand, which is divided into 100 cents. Coins come in denominations of 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2 and R5, and notes in denominations of R10, R20, R50, R100 and R200. All currency must be declared on entry.

How far will my dollar/pound go in South Africa


A long, long way. Because of the favourable exchange rate, you'll find South Africa a very inexpensive destination.

For a pound you can buy about four daily newspapers, one take-away hamburger, three cans of Coke, two beers, two cappuccinos or half a pound of cheese. Twenty pounds will get you bed and breakfast in a lovely guesthouse or hotel, four nights in a backpackers dorm, or a bus ticket for a ride of a few hundred kilometres.

A dollar will get you about two daily newspapers, a Big Mac, two cans of Coke, or half an hour's internet surfing. For 20 dollars, you can have a smart three-course meal in a good restaurant, two CDs or a night in a comfortable guesthouse.

  • For up-to-date exchange rates, see Oanda.com

Banking made easy


You ll also find South Africa an easy destination. From the moment you step off the plane, you'll see that there are banks, bureaux de change and automatic tellers almost everywhere. Generally speaking, banks are open from 9am to 3.30pm Mondays through Fridays, and 8.30am to 11am on Saturdays, but those at the airports adjust their hours of opening to accommodate all international flights.

Major national banks have branches as well as automated teller machines (ATMs) in most large towns. International banks have branches in the major cities. Thomas Cook (represented by Rennies Travel) and American Express foreign exchange offices are available in the major cities.

Credit cards and cash


All major credit cards can be used in South Africa, with American Express and Diners Club enjoying less universal acceptance than Mastercard and Visa. In some small towns, you may find you'll need to use cash. A rather strange anomaly you may not purchase fuel with credit cards.

South Africans have special fuel credit cards, known as garage or petrol cards, which can be used only at filling stations. You can, however, pay road tolls with master or visa cards.

Useful numbers & web sites


You may want to print out a list of these useful numbers before you leave home. All numbers are written as you would dial them from within South Africa. The 0800 numbers are toll-free from a landline within South Africa   but not from a mobile phone. Or click to go through to the relevant web site:

Value Added Tax


Value Added Tax (VAT) is levied on most goods and services but, as a foreign national, you may reclaim VAT on anything you bought to take out of the country unused. You need to do this before you embark on your flight home.

 

 

 

Health tips for travellers

Nothing can spoil a holiday more than feeling off-colour, and nothing can dull the pleasure of your holiday memories more than getting ill far from home. There are a number of health issues that you should be aware of, particularly if you're from the northern hemisphere.

However, while there are risks anywhere, South Africa has a relatively salubrious climate and our levels of water treatment, hygiene and such make it a pretty safe destination.

Inoculations


If you're an adult, you won't need any inoculations unless you're travelling from a yellow-fever endemic area (the yellow fever belt of Africa or South America), in which case you will need certification to prove your inoculation status when you arrive in South Africa. It is recommended that you have the required inoculations four to six weeks before you travel to South Africa (a yellow fever inoculation certificate only becomes valid 10 days after inoculation - after which it remains valid for 10 years).

Hepatitis B inoculations are recommended for children up to the age of 12 who have not completed the series of injections as infants. Booster doses for tetanus and measles can also be administered.

Medical facilities


Medical facilities in cities and larger towns are world-class, but you will find that in rural areas the clinics and hospitals deal with primary health needs, and therefore do not offer the range of medical care that the large metropolitan hospitals do. Trained medical caregivers are deployed round the country, so help is never far away.

The sun


We have a warm sunny climate and you should wear sunscreen and a hat whenever you are out of doors during the day, particularly between 10am and 4pm, regardless of whether there is cloud cover or not. Even if you have a dark complexion, you can still get sunburned if you are from a cooler climate and have not had much exposure to the sun. Sunglasses are also recommended wear, as the glare of the African sun can be strong.

Can I drink the water


High-quality tap (faucet) water is available almost everywhere in South Africa, treated so as to be free of harmful micro-organisms, and in any area other than informal or shack settlements, is both palatable and safe to drink straight from the tap. In some areas, the water is mineral-rich, and you may experience a bit of gastric distress for a day or two until you get used to it. Bottled mineral water, both sparkling and still, is readily available in most places.

Drinking water straight from rivers and streams could put you at risk of waterborne diseases   especially downstream of human settlements. The water in mountain streams, however, is usually pure and wonderful. In the Cape, particularly, the water contains humic acid, which stains it the colour of diluted Coca-Cola   this is absolutely harmless, and the water is wonderful. You may also find this colouring in tap water in some areas. It's fine   it just looks a bit weird in the bath.

Do I need to take malaria tablets


Many of the main tourist areas are malaria-free, so you need not worry at all. However, the Kruger National Park, the Lowveld of Mpumalanga and Limpopo, and the northern part of KwaZulu-Natal do pose a malaria risk in the summer months. Many local people and some travellers do not take malaria prophylaxis, but most health professionals recommend you do. Consult your doctor or a specialist travel clinic for the latest advice concerning malaria prophylaxis, as it changes regularly.

Whether you take oral prophylaxis or not, always use mosquito repellent, wear long pants, closed shoes and light long-sleeved shirts at night, and sleep under a mosquito net in endemic areas (the anopheles mosquito, which carries malaria, operates almost exclusively after dark). It is advisable to avoid malarial areas if you are pregnant.

HIV/Aids


As in other countries, always take precautions when having sex. South Africa has one of the highest rates of HIV in the world. For more information, see
HIV/Aids in South Africa

Other health issues


Bilharzia can be a problem in some of the east-flowing rivers, but it is easily detected and treated if it is caught early. Perhaps it would be a good idea to have a routine test a month or two after you get home   just to reassure yourself. Ticks generally come out in the early spring and may carry tickbite fever, which is easily treated. You should also be aware of hepatitis, for which you can be inoculated.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Don't leave home without ...

There are two ways of organising a holiday. The first is to decide on the spur of the moment to head off, and do just that. It's a valid option, but you will probably have to maintain that frame of mind or you might start getting irritated at the things you forgot to organise and pack.

The more usual way is to plan ahead a bit, thus ensuring that you won't have any unpleasant surprises. Check your passport isn't about to expire, check whether you'll need visas, organise travellers' cheques well in advance, organise travel insurance and medical insurance. Check your flight details and don't forget to confirm them   including onward connections and returns. Don't forget to order special meals on flights, or children's meals, if necessary.

What to pack

Pack a while ahead. Most of the time you'll be most comfortable in light, summer-weight clothes but do pack a warm jacket, socks, good shoes and a rain jacket. Pack sunscreen   lots of it   and a hat and sunglasses. Make sure you have at least one cool shirt with a collar for sun protection. Stock up on insect repellent and, if you'll be in a malaria area, ensure you have a cool, long-sleeved shirt and cool long pants for evenings. Bring good walking shoes.

Always pack a bandanna or cotton scarf and a sarong, kanga, pareo, kikoi   whatever you want to call it. These two garments are probably the most useful and versatile items in the world. If you're spending time watching game, you should try to wear reasonably neutral colours but, really, you don't have to look like an extra on the set of Out of Africa. You don't need formal clothes, but you will need something pretty smart for exclusive hotels and the Blue Train.

Drugs/medication

If you are dependent on any drugs   or medication, as we say   bring a supply and a spare prescription. (We call our drugstores "pharmacies".)

Important documents

Make two copies of all your important documents, like passports. Take one with you, in a different bag to the original, and leave one at home with a responsible, easily reachable person. Try to memorise all your important numbers - passport numbers, credit card numbers, etc. If you lose your bag, this could be an enormous help.

Can I use my hairdryer  

Electricity is generally 220/230 volts, 15 amps, and is supplied through either 15-amp three-prong or 5-amp two-prong plugs, in both cases with round pins. If you're bringing anything electrical, bring an adapter   or you could buy one here. Generally, the 110V video chargers work safely on the 220V supply. Television is on the PAL system.

Spectacles, contact lenses

Bring spare spectacles, and/or a copy of your prescription. If you wear contact lenses, consider using disposables for a short holiday, especially if you're planning to river raft, dive or such. Also bring spectacles, as the dry dusty environment of some game farms may irritate your eyes.

If you've forgotten anything   don't panic. This is not the back of beyond, and you can buy whatever you need   probably at a good price.

And pack a camera   you'll want to save your wonderful memories. You can buy film anywhere, and camera batteries in any city.

 

 

 

Consular services

Where to go for consular services

If you're abroad
If you're interested in visiting, immigrating to, working, studying or conducting business in South Africa, can apply to your nearest South African Embassy, High Commission or Consulate abroad for the visas and/or permits you'll need.

All permanent South African missions can be contacted by telephone, fax or e-mail. Check the full alphabetical list by country in the 'SA offices abroad' box on the right. (In countries where South Africa does not have resident representatives, consular services are offered through honorary consuls or through consular sharing agreements with missions in nearby countries.)

Also see:

If you're in South Africa
To find your country's representative office in South Africa,  contact the Department of Foreign Affairs' head office in Pretoria:

Postal Address
Directorate: Consular and Agency Services
Department of Foreign Affairs
Route HBC110
Private Bag X152
Pretoria
0001

Physical Address
Room 134
1st Floor
Northvaal Building
225 Vermeulen Street
Pretoria

The Department's Operations Room runs 24 hours a day, seven days a week:


 





Country profile: South Africa

Diversity is a key feature of South Africa, where 11 languages are recognised as official, where community leaders include rabbis and chieftains, rugby players and returned exiles, where traditional healers ply their trade around the corner from stockbrokers and where housing ranges from mud huts to palatial homes with swimming pools.

The diverse communities, however, have not had much representation for long.

Until 1994 South Africa was ruled by a white minority which considered itself superior, and which was so determined to hang onto power that it took activists most of last century before they succeeded in their fight to get rid of apartheid and extend democracy to the rest of the population.

The white governments had grand social engineering schemes which separated the races and involved the forced resettlement of hundreds of thousands of people. They poisoned and bombed opponents and encouraged trouble in neighbouring countries.

The apartheid government eventually negotiated itself out of power, and the new leadership encouraged reconciliation. But the cost of the years of conflict will be paid for a long time yet, not least in terms of lawlessness, social disruption and lost education.

South Africa faces major problems, but having held three successful national elections as well as local polls since the end of white rule, a democratic culture appears to be taking hold, allowing people at least some say in the search for solutions.

  • Population: 45 million (UN, 2003)
  • Capital: Pretoria
  • Area: 1.22m sq km (470,693 sq miles)
  • Major languages: 11 official languages including English, Afrikaans, Sesotho, Setswana, Xhosa and Zulu
  • Major religion: Christianity, Islam, indigenous beliefs
  • Life expectancy: 45 years (men), 51 years (women)
  • Monetary unit: 1 Rand = 100 cents
  • Main exports: Gold, diamonds, metals and minerals, cars, machinery
  • GNI per capita: US $2,500 (World Bank, 2002)
  • Internet domain: .za
  • International dialling code: +27

President: Thabo Mbeki

Thabo Mbeki was elected by parliament to a second five-year term in April 2004 following the landslide general election victory of his ruling ANC.

Mr Mbeki took over as president when Nelson Mandela stepped down in mid-1999, but he is considered to have in fact ruled the country almost since the ANC became South Africa's first democratically elected government in April 1994.

He was born in 1942 into one of the leading families of black politics and has been close to the heart of the struggle against apartheid all his life. His father, Govan, was a leading thinker in the South African Communist Party.

Mr Mbeki played a central role both in planning the armed insurrection that caused the first cracks in the edifice of white rule and in the talks that led to its end.

He has been criticised for questioning the link between HIV and Aids and for failing to condemn the land invasions in Zimbabwe.

  • Deputy president: Jacob Zuma
  • Foreign minister: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
  • Finance minister: Trevor Manuel

  • South Africa is the continent's major media player, and its many broadcasters and publications reflect the diversity of the population as a whole.

    Well-established state-run and commercial TV networks broadcast nationally, and hundreds of thousands of viewers subscribe to pay-TV services operated by major cable and satellite company Multichoice.

    Deregulation in 1996 led to a proliferation of radio stations. Listeners in Johannesburg alone can choose from among some 40 radio services, from the national broadcasts of the state-owned South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) to community stations targeting local neighbourhoods or ethnic groups.

    The constitution provides for freedom of the press, and this is generally respected in practice. Laws, regulation and political control of media content are considered to be moderate and there is little evidence of repressive measures against journalists.

    Newspapers and magazines publish reports and comment critical of the government and the state-owned SABC is far more independent now than during the apartheid era.

    The press

  • The Star - Johannesburg-based daily, city's oldest newspaper
  • The Sowetan - Johannesburg-based tabloid
  • Daily Sun - mass-circulation tabloid
  • Beeld - largest Afrikaans daily
  • Mail and Guardian - upmarket weekly
  • Business Day - daily
  • Financial Mail - business weekly
  • Sunday Times - South Africa's oldest Sunday newspaper
  • ThisDay - national daily

    Television

  • SABC - state broadcaster, operates three national TV networks, two pay-TV channels
  • e.tv - free-to-air commercial network
  • M-Net - pay-TV, pan-African audience

    Radio

  • SABC - state broadcaster with 20 regional and national services in 11 languages, including: national English-language network SAfm; contemporary music station 5 FM; national Afrikaans station Radio Sonder Grense; national Zulu station Ukhozi FM; Sesotho station Lesedi FM
  • Channel Africa - SABC's external radio service, targeted at the African continent
  • YFM - popular Johannesburg commercial R&B, soul and hip-hop station
  • 702 Talk Radio - Johannesburg commercial news and talk station

    News agency

  • South African Press Association (SAPA)

  • African Data Dessimination Services - African Data Dessimination Services - The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resource Observation System (EROS) Data Center.
    African Studies Center - African Studies Center - African Studies Center at the University of Pennsylvania - Editor: Ali B. Dinar -
    African Studies Center: South Africa Page - African Studies Center: South Africa Page - Editor: Ali B. Dinar -
    African Studies - History and Cultures - African Studies - History and Cultures
    Africa Online - Africa Online - An excellent website that offers a great deal of information including real time stock market information on most African exchanges.
    Basic Facts about South Africa - Basic Facts about South Africa - known as The Rainbow Country due to the unique diversity within its culture...
    CIA World Factbook 2002 - CIA World Factbook 2002 - Check out important statistics and usefull facts on the African country of your choice.
    Customs Information  - South Africa - Customs Information - South Africa - The information is based on publication from the consulates.
    Embassies of South Africa - Embassies of South Africa - For a complete listing of all the world's embassies and consulates.
    Events Worldwide - Events Worldwide -
    Maps of South Africa - Maps of South Africa - A large number of differing South Africa maps including city maps.
    People's History and the South African Struggle - People's History and the South African Struggle -
    South Africa: Geography, Maps and Information - South Africa: Geography, Maps and Information
    South Africa Regional Offices - South Africa Regional Offices -
    The History of Apartheid in South Africa - The History of Apartheid in South Africa -
    The Universal Currency Converter - The Universal Currency Converter -
    Yahoo Regional Guide to South Africa - Yahoo Regional Guide to South Africa - Yahoo has the best directory on the internet. It is the best resource on the internet for beginning most searches.
    World History Archives - World History Archives -
    Worldwide Refugee Information - Worldwide Refugee Information -
    Wunderground - Wunderground -